The image I'm working with is pretty simple. Its made up of four layers:

• A blue triangle
• A green square
• A red circle
• A black to white gradient background

photoshoplayers palette

Normal @ 100% opacity

Normal @ 50% opacity

Disolve @ 50% opacity

Darken for this image, darken, multiply, color burn and linear burn produce the same results

Lighten for this image, lighten, screen, color dodge, and linear dodge produce the same results

Overlay for this image, overlay and soft light produce the same results

Hard Light for this image, hard light, vivid light, linear light and pin light produce the same results

Hard Mix

Difference for this image, difference and exclusion produce the same results

Hue - since the black to white gradient background has zero saturation, changing it's hue makes no difference

Saturation - this should be just the gradient background, but there are some artifacts in it

Color

Luminostity

Here's another example. Starting with a simple flower shot...

flower

Add a solid color fill layer (filled with R:144 G:24 B:33) and change the blending mode of the fill layer to Color Burn

photoshoplayers palette

Result

flower